Embryonic development of the grass pufferfish (Takifugu niphobles):
From egg to larvae
V. Gallego, M. Yoshida, D. Kurokawa,
J.F. Asturiano, G.J. Fraser
Abstract
Tetraodontidae
(pufferfish) family members carry the smallest genomes among vertebrates, and
these pocket-sized genomes have directly contributed to our understanding of
the structure and evolution of higher animals. The grass pufferfish (Takifugu niphobles) could be considered
a potential new model organism for comparative genomics and development due to
the potential access to embryos, and availability of sequence data for two
similar genomes: that of spotted green pufferfish (Tetraodon nigroviridis) and Fugu (Takifugu rubripes). In this study, we provide the first description
of the normal embryonic development of T.
niphobles, by drawing comparisons with the closely related species cited
above. Embryos were obtained by in vitro fertilization of eggs, and subsequent
development was monitored at a constant temperature consistent with natural
conditions. T. niphobles development
was divided into seven periods of embryogenesis: the zygote, cleavage,
blastula, gastrula, segmentation, pharyngula, and hatching periods; and stages
subdividing these periods are morphological characteristics. The developmental
stage series described in this study aims to provide the utilization of T. niphobles as an experimental model
organism for comparative developmental studies.
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